How Long Does an ESTA Take to Be Approved: Everything You Need to Know Before You Travel

Traveling to the United States under the Visa Waiver Program (VWP) has become significantly easier thanks to the Electronic System for Travel Authorization (ESTA). This streamlined pre-screening process allows citizens of eligible countries to travel to the U.S. for tourism, business, or transit purposes without obtaining a traditional visa. However, a common question many travelers ask is: how long does an ESTA take to be approved?

The ESTA application process is designed to be fast, efficient, and user-friendly. In most cases, ESTA approval is granted within minutes of submitting the online application. However, travelers are strongly advised to apply at least 72 hours before their planned departure. While instant ESTA approval is common, it is not guaranteed. Some applications may require additional processing time due to verification checks or incomplete information, which could delay the response up to 72 hours or more.

An important factor in how long it takes to get an ESTA approved is the accuracy and completeness of the information provided in the application. Applicants must fill out personal details, passport information, and travel plans, and answer a series of eligibility questions related to health, criminal background, immigration history, and more. Any discrepancies or red flags can lead to delays or even denial. For this reason, ensuring all data is accurate is essential to avoid waiting longer than necessary for an ESTA authorization.

Another point to consider is that while most ESTA approvals happen quickly, approval does not guarantee entry into the United States. U.S. Customs and Border Protection (CBP) officers have the final say at the port of entry. Nevertheless, having an approved ESTA is a mandatory requirement to board a plane or vessel headed to the United States under the VWP. Travelers should keep a record of their ESTA approval confirmation, although a physical copy is not required since the authorization is electronically linked to the passport.

ESTA applications are valid for two years or until the passport expires, whichever comes first. Within this validity period, travelers can make multiple entries into the U.S., each for a stay of up to 90 days. If your ESTA is approved quickly, it gives you the freedom to plan spontaneous trips or take advantage of last-minute travel deals without the long wait times associated with regular visa applications. For those wondering if they can apply for ESTA at the last minute, the answer is yes—many travelers have successfully received approval within hours of departure—but this comes with the risk of unforeseen delays.

In cases where an ESTA application is not approved, applicants will need to apply for a B1/B2 tourist or business visa through a U.S. Embassy or Consulate. This process takes significantly longer and requires an in-person interview, which highlights the value and convenience of obtaining ESTA authorization in advance. Being proactive and applying early ensures peace of mind and allows for ample time to make alternate arrangements if necessary.

How to Check ESTA Status After Applying Online

Once an ESTA application has been submitted, travelers may want to check the status online to ensure it has been approved. The process is simple: by visiting the official ESTA website and using the application number, passport details, and birthdate, applicants can review whether their ESTA is "Approved," "Pending," or "Not Authorized." If your status is pending, don't panic—it just means the system needs more time for background processing, which can take up to 72 hours. Checking your ESTA status online regularly before your trip is essential for smooth travel planning.

ESTA vs. U.S. Visa: Which Is Faster for Travelers?

For eligible countries under the Visa Waiver Program, ESTA is undoubtedly the fastest route to travel to the U.S. compared to applying for a B1/B2 visa. Traditional visa processing can take weeks or even months depending on appointment availability and document review. ESTA, by contrast, is usually granted in minutes and requires no interview. Travelers choosing ESTA benefit from a faster and more cost-effective solution when planning short visits to the United States.

Can I Apply for ESTA Again If My First Application Was Denied?

If your ESTA application is denied, you cannot appeal the decision or reapply with the same information. Instead, you must apply for a regular visa at a U.S. Embassy. However, if your denial was due to incorrect information or a mistake, you may wait 10 days and apply again with corrected data. It’s crucial to understand that reapplying without changing the conditions that led to the denial will likely result in another rejection. Consulting immigration professionals may be helpful if you're unsure why your application was not authorized.

What Happens If You Don’t Receive ESTA Approval in Time?

While the majority of ESTA applications are processed promptly, it’s still risky to wait until the last minute. If you don’t receive your ESTA approval in time, you won’t be allowed to board your flight to the U.S. under the Visa Waiver Program. This could lead to missed flights, disrupted travel plans, or the need to reschedule everything. Therefore, applying well ahead of time is not just a recommendation—it’s a necessity for ensuring your trip proceeds without complications.

How Long Is ESTA Valid After Approval?

Once you receive ESTA approval, it remains valid for two years or until the passport it’s linked to expires—whichever comes first. During this time, you can travel to the U.S. multiple times without needing to reapply, provided each visit is for 90 days or less. If your passport expires or changes due to name or citizenship changes, you must reapply for a new ESTA. Keeping track of your ESTA’s validity ensures you don’t face issues during future travels.

ESTA for U.S. Travel from Europe: Common Questions Answered

European citizens from Visa Waiver Program countries frequently use ESTA for short-term visits to the U.S. Whether you're flying from London, Paris, or Berlin, the process and approval times remain consistent. However, travelers must ensure their passports are e-passports with embedded chips, as non-electronic passports are not eligible for ESTA. Understanding ESTA requirements specific to European travelers can help avoid issues at the airport.

How to Renew an Expired ESTA Before Planning a New Trip

Renewing an ESTA is not like renewing a visa; you cannot extend an existing ESTA. Instead, you must submit a new application once the previous one expires. Travelers planning return visits to the U.S. should monitor their ESTA expiration date and apply for a new one at least a week before departure to ensure timely approval. Having a valid ESTA at all times is a key requirement for stress-free travel.

How to Fix a Mistake on Your ESTA Application After Submission

If you notice an error on your ESTA application after submission, only certain fields—such as your email address or U.S. destination address—can be updated. If the mistake involves your passport number or name, a new application is required. Submitting accurate information the first time can prevent delays or rejections, so double-checking all entries before payment is essential to avoid complications.

Is ESTA Required for Transit Through the United States?

Even if you're not planning to stay in the United States, ESTA is required for transit passengers who are citizens of Visa Waiver Program countries. Whether you’re connecting flights or simply passing through a U.S. airport on your way to another country, you must have an approved ESTA. Applying in advance ensures you won’t be stopped or delayed at the airport, even for short layovers.

Travel Insurance and ESTA: Why You Should Consider Coverage

While ESTA covers the legal authorization to enter the U.S., it does not include travel protection. Purchasing travel insurance alongside your ESTA application is highly recommended. Medical costs, flight cancellations, and emergency evacuations in the U.S. can be expensive. Having comprehensive travel insurance ensures you’re covered for any unexpected events during your trip. Many travelers combine ESTA with travel insurance to prepare for both entry requirements and safety.

If you need more information or wish to apply for your ESTA now, consider visiting the official U.S. Customs and Border Protection website and ensure all information is filled out correctly to avoid delays in your travel plans.